gemstone- a tough, multicolored inorganic organism that has a wonderful shining light from its surface ore- a solid that has an iron inorganic organism alloy- a rough mixture of two or more steel solids
Outline
Introduction
Hopewell people
lived in Mississippi river
made statues
made out of flint (quartz), mica
bird statues
got minerals, they traded with other people
Uses of Minerals
People use Minerals for many things
cars
glass
metals, gemstones
Gemstones
rubies, sapphires
gemstones
valued for beauty or rareness
once cut and polished, it's a gem
gems for jewelry and decoration
Metals
metals like aluminum, iron, copper, or silver
can be stretched into many things
tools, weapons, machinery
Other Useful Minerals
minerals are also used for...
medicines, fertilizers, and building, materials
talc
talcum powder
fluorite
aluminum and steel
calcite
microscopes
quartz
glass
electronics, watches
kaolin
white clay to make pottery
Gypsum
wallboard, cement, and stucco
corundum
2nd hardest known mineral, used for cleaning products
Ores
Ore
where a rock includes a useful metal or mineral
most ores are combinations of a minerals, metals, and different elements
Copper
from ore chalcopyrite
problem is finding the ore
Mining
Three ways to obtain ores
the mapping strategies let the scientist know what strategy should be used to get the ores
strip mines, open pit mines, and shaft mines
Strip Mines
This is where machinery takes away or "strips" the soil to find the ores
Open Pit Mines
like a strip mine
equipment to dig is larger
holes are larger (almost a kilometer deep)
Shaft Mines
when minerals are in veins, scientists use shaft mines
a trail of tunnels are built following the vein
How mining hurts the land
strip mining and open pit mining
leaves marks on the land
mining pollutes
materials used gets into bodies of water
Whats done to help
laws to do as little damage as possible
must replace or restore soil
Smelting
How useful minerals/metals are drawn form ores
called smelting
ores are melted to obtain useful metal/mineral
mixed with other materials to help draw out the useful mineral/metals along with high heat levels
heat melts the metal, this takes it away from the oxygen
then they take the molten metal
when the rest of the other elements are removed, it makes alloy
alloy is made of 2 or more metals
special alloy is made
stronger steel can be made by adding manganese and carbon
rust-resistant steel can be made by adding chromium and nickel
The steps to drawing useful metals/minerals from ores
Table of Contents
Mineral Resources
Vocabulary
gemstone- a tough, multicolored inorganic organism that has a wonderful shining light from its surface
ore- a solid that has an iron inorganic organism
alloy- a rough mixture of two or more steel solids
Outline
Introduction
Uses of Minerals
Ores
Mining
Smelting